Daily submicron particle doses received by populations living in different low- and middle-income countries

In the present study, daily dose in terms of particle surface area received by citizens living different low- and middle-income countries, characterized lifestyles, habits, climates, was evaluated. The level exposure to submicron particles populations Accra (Ghana), Cairo (Egypt), Florianopolis (Brazil), Nur-Sultan (Kazakhstan) were analyzed. A direct assessment approach adopted measure concentration levels volunteers at a personal scale during their activities. Non-smoking adult performing non-industrial jobs considered. Exposure data combined with time-activity pattern (characteristic each population) inhalation rates estimate area. under investigation varied from 450 mm2 (Florianopolis, Brazil) 1300 (Cairo, Egypt). This work highlights contributions microenvironments respect high-income western populations. It evident that contribution Cooking & Eating microenvironment total (which previously proven be one main routes for populations) only 8%–14% contrast, significant estimated Outdoor day Transport (up 20% Cairo, Egypt) Sleeping Resting 28% Accra, Ghana), highlighting effects site-specific lifestyles (e.g. patterns), socioeconomic conditions, outdoor air quality.